README

Ajax requests within contao are not centralized by default. Due to the handling of ajax requests within different types of modules a simple \Environment::get('isAjaxRequest') is not enough to delegate the request to the related module / method. This module provides a global configuration, where you can attach your module within $GLOBALS['AJAX'] as a custom group and add your actions with the required parameters that should be checked against the request.

Technical instruction

The following section will show you how your custom ajax actions can be registered and triggered.

1. Configuration / Setup

The following example shows the [heimrichhannot/contao-formhybrid] (https://github.com/heimrichhannot/contao-formhybrid) ajax configuration.

config.php
/**
 * Ajax Actions
 */
$GLOBALS['AJAX'][\HeimrichHannot\FormHybrid\Form::FORMHYBRID_NAME] = array
(
	'actions' => array
	(
		'toggleSubpalette' => array
		(
			'arguments' => array('subId', 'subField', 'subLoad'),
			'optional'   => array('subLoad'),
		),
		'asyncFormSubmit'  => array
		(
			'arguments' => array(),
			'optional'   => array(),
		),
		'reload'  => array
		(
			'arguments' => array(),
			'optional'   => array(),
			'csrf_protection' => true, // cross-site request forgery (ajax token check)
		),
	),
);

As you can see, we have a group formhybrid that delegates all ajax request with this group parameter to formhybrid. Then there are some actions toggleSubpalette, asyncFormSubmit and so on. These mehtod must be present with the same name in the delegated context. You can provide arguments, that should be called within the function and added as arguments to the method. If the argument is optional, than the request will be valid if the argument is not present, otherwise all arguments must be present in the request, to have a valid ajax request. If you want to protect the ajax request against cross site violations, than add csrf_protection => true to your configuration and dont forget to update the ajax url on each request!

2. How can i create the url to my ajax action?

We provide a simple helper method within HeimrichHannot\Ajax\AjaxAction that is called generateUrl. The following example shows, how we create the toggleSubpalette url within FormHybrid.

\HeimrichHannot\Ajax\AjaxAction::generateUrl(Form::FORMHYBRID_NAME, 'toggleSubpalette')

As you can see, we do not add the arguments by default. This is done within the associated javascript code for toggleSubpalette. You have to check within your javascript code, that the arguments subId, subField, subLoad are provided as $_POST parameters within the ajax request by your own.

jquery.formhybrid.js

toggleSubpalette: function (el, id, field, url) {
    el.blur();
    var $el = $(el),
        $item = $('#' + id),
        $form = $el.closest('form'),
        checked = true;

    var $formData = $form.serializeArray();

    $formData.push(
        {name: 'FORM_SUBMIT', value: $form.attr('id')},
        {name: 'subId', value: id},
        {name: 'subField',value: field});

    if ($el.is(':checkbox') || $el.is(':radio')) {
        checked = $el.is(':checked');
    }

    if (checked === false) {

        $.ajax({
            type: 'post',
            url: url,
            dataType: 'json',
            data: $formData,
            success: function (response) {
                $item.remove();
            }
        });

        return;
    }

    $formData.push(
        {name: 'subLoad', value: 1}
    );

    $.ajax({
        type: 'post',
        url: url,
        dataType: 'json',
        data: $formData,
        success: function (response, textStatus, jqXHR) {
            $item.remove();
            // bootstrapped forms
            if ($el.closest('form').find('.' + field).length > 0) {
                // always try to attach subpalette after wrapper element from parent widget
                $el.closest('form').find('.' + field).eq(0).after(response.result.html);
            } else {
                $el.closest('#ctrl_' + field).after(response.result.html);
            }
        }
    });
}

3. How are my ajax actions triggered?

The give you the biggest possible freedom, we decided to be always within contao context. Therefore all request preconditions are checked within the default contao request-cycle.

In case of the toggleSubpalette example we trigger the action within DC_Hybrid::__construct() and provide a new FormAjax($this) as Response Context.

CAUTION: Don't call "runActiveAction" in generate() of a Contao module since that's too late. It's always best to run it in __construct().

DC_Hybrid.php

public function __construct($strTable = '', $varConfig = null, $intId = 0)
{
    ...
    
    Ajax::runActiveAction(Form::FORMHYBRID_NAME, 'toggleSubpalette', new FormAjax($this));
    
    ...
    
}

So what is done here?

1. The ajax action is requested from your javascript code.
2. The ajax action is delegated to the current page, where our DC_Hybrid extended Module is available.
3. The Ajax Controller will check the request against the given parameters for toggleSubpalette from the $GLOBALS['AJAX'] config.
4. If all requirements were meet, and the method toggleSubpalette is available within the given context new FormAjax($this), the method is trigged with the given arguments.
5. Now you can do your module related stuff within toggleSubpalette
6. If you want to return data to the ajax request, then you have to return a valid HeimrichHannot\Ajax\Response\Response Object.
7. The returned HeimrichHannot\Ajax\Response\Response Object will be converted to a JSON Object and the request will end here.

Response Objects

Currently we implemented three response objects.

1. HeimrichHannot\Ajax\Response\ResponseSuccess
2. HeimrichHannot\Ajax\Response\ResponseError
3. HeimrichHannot\Ajax\Response\ResponseRedirect

ResponseSuccess

This will return a JSON Object with the HTTP-Statuscode HTTP/1.1 200 OK to the ajax action.

Example:

Client-Side:

$.ajax({
    type: 'post',
    url: url,
    dataType: 'json',
    data: $formData,
    success: function (response, textStatus, jqXHR) {
        $item.remove();
        // bootstrapped forms
        if ($el.closest('form').find('.' + field).length > 0) {
            // always try to attach subpalette after wrapper element from parent widget
            $el.closest('form').find('.' + field).eq(0).after(response.result.html);
        } else {
            $el.closest('#ctrl_' + field).after(response.result.html);
        }
    }
});

Server-Side:

/**
 * Toggle Subpalette
 * @param      $id
 * @param      $strField
 * @param bool $blnLoad
 *
 * @return ResponseError|ResponseSuccess
 */
function toggleSubpalette($id, $strField, $blnLoad = false)
{
    $varValue = Request::getPost($strField) ?: 0;
    
    if (!is_array($this->dca['palettes']['__selector__']) || !in_array($strField, $this->dca['palettes']['__selector__'])) {
        \Controller::log('Field "' . $strField . '" is not an allowed selector field (possible SQL injection attempt)', __METHOD__, TL_ERROR);
        
        return new ResponseError();
    }
    
    $arrData = $this->dca['fields'][$strField];
    
    if (!Validator::isValidOption($varValue, $arrData, $this->dc)) {
        \Controller::log('Field "' . $strField . '" value is not an allowed option (possible SQL injection attempt)', __METHOD__, TL_ERROR);
        
        return new ResponseError();
    }
    
    if (empty(FormHelper::getFieldOptions($arrData, $this->dc))) {
        $varValue = (intval($varValue) ? 1 : '');
    }
    
    $this->dc->activeRecord->{$strField} = $varValue;
    
    $objResponse = new ResponseSuccess();
    
    if ($blnLoad)
    {
        $objResponse->setResult(new ResponseData($this->dc->edit(false, $id)));
    }
    
    return $objResponse;
}

ResponseError

This will return a JSON Object with the HTTP-Statuscode HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request to the ajax action.

Example:

Client-Side:

 $.ajax({
    url: url ? url : $form.attr('action'),
    dataType: 'json',
    data: $formData,
    method: $form.attr('method'),
    error: function(jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown){
        if (jqXHR.status == 400) {
            alert(jqXHR.responseJSON.message);
            return;
        }
    }
});

Server-Side:

$objResponse = new ResponseRedirect();
$objResponse->setUrl($strUrl);
return $objResponse;

ResponseRedirect

This will return a JSON Object with the HTTP-Statuscode HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently to the ajax action. The redirect url is provided within the xhr response object result.data.url;

Example:

Client-Side:

 $.ajax({
    url: url ? url : $form.attr('action'),
    dataType: 'json',
    data: $formData,
    method: $form.attr('method'),
    error: function(jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown){
        if (jqXHR.status == 301) {
            location.href = jqXHR.responseJSON.result.data.url;
            return;
        }
    }
});

Server-Side:

$objResponse = new ResponseRedirect();
$objResponse->setUrl($strUrl);
die(json_encode($objResponse));

Unit Testing

For unit testing, define the variable UNIT_TESTING as true within the $GLOBALS.

//bootstrap.php

define('UNIT_TESTING', true);

Than you are able to catch the ajax result within you test, by catching the HeimrichHannot\Ajax\Exception\AjaxExitException.

// MyTestClass.php

    /**
     * @test
     */
    public function myTest()
    {
        $objRequest = \Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request::create('http://localhost' . AjaxAction::generateUrl('myAjaxGroup', 'myAjaxAction'), 'post');

        $objRequest->headers->set('X-Requested-With', 'XMLHttpRequest'); // xhr request

        Request::set($objRequest);

		$objForm = new TestPostForm();

        try
        {
            $objForm->generate();
            // unreachable code: if no exception is thrown after form was created, something went wrong
            $this->expectException(\HeimrichHannot\Ajax\Exception\AjaxExitException::class);
        } catch (AjaxExitException $e)
        {
            $objJson = json_decode($e->getMessage());

            $this->assertTrue(strpos($objJson->result->html, 'id="my_css_id"') > 0); // check that id is present within response
        }
    }